Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 16، number In Volume 9، December 2023 ، issue Number 91

Narrative and focalization in fictional literature of holy defense based on Genette's theory, relying on the ideological aspect

Banafsheh Bojnordi , Vajiheh Turkmani Barandozi (Author in Charge), Naimeh Kialashaki , Koros Karimpasandi

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studying fiction and literary texts from the perspective of narratology can lead to a better understanding of the dimensions of the text and reveal its layers to the reader. The main purpose of this research is to examine the fiction literature of Holy Defense based on Gerard Genette"s theory of narrative and focalization.

METHODOLOGY: This research will be conducted based on the descriptive-analytical method and library studies as a document analysis method on a selection of fictional works of sacred defense literature with an emphasis on one of the five levels of Genette"s narrative theory, i.e. focalization in the ideological aspect and dialogue. The statistical population in this study includes a selection of outstanding works that have been popular, reprinted and received prestigious literary awards.

FINDINGS: In the examined works, the focus is often internalized; With this explanation, the narrator is the owner of the main component of focus, who tries to expose the ideological side of the story to the audience by choosing the perspective and story dialogues. Some writings have a linear and classical narrative, depending on the literary type of memory, and they play a kind of dramatic narrative in the aspect of inducing an ideological aspect in the text and in some other works, the narrator, with his inner and central presence, has presented ideology from his point of view instead of the characters.

CONCLUSION: In the two works of the book "Da" and "Sheena"s Daughter" the aspect of memoir writing is more dominant, therefore the narrator is presented from the aspect of realism and the narrator chooses the type of point of view in line with the memoirist. It has allowed the narrator to narrate the story of the dominant ideology in the text while talking. In three other works, including two pigeons, two windows, one flight, Burnt Earth and Chess with the Doomsday Machine, the presence of the focal narrator is more prominent and the main focal characters (characters) are analyzed and identified with the help of the narrator. In the ideological aspect of the narration in the three mentioned recent works, political, social and religious viewpoints have been taken into consideration in order to focus on the central idea and the ideology of the enemies, Mujahideen and hypocrites, supporters of the Taghut regime, lovers of religion and the school of Imam Hussein and... It is presented to the audience with the help of the presence of the narrator and his intervention.

Keyword
fiction literature of holy defense , narrative , characterization , focalization. Ideological aspect

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